[1] White Crane is Quan Fa style, which made greatest influence on development of Okinawan karate.
[2] Quan Fa is general term for various kung fu styles and traditions. Wu shu is term used to name modern styles developed after Chinese communist revolution.
[3] Historian Patrick McCarthy has proved that stereotypical conception that "subjest peasants" had developed karate is unlikely. It had been done by members of Pechin class (noblemen, kings guard, village militia, prosecutors…).
[4] Hakutsuru no kamae, the position of White Crane can be found in many katas of Shorin ryu as in other Okinawan styles.
[5] This position is typical for kata Useishi (the modern name is Gojushiho), whose name when translated means "54 footsteps of the Black Tiger". This is actually opening movement of this kata.
[6] Chinese emperor Ren Zong, ordered court chief physician in 1026 to make two precise models of man, on which, acupuncture points and meridians could be precisely presented. In that way was created a standard for the whole Chinese empire, which is still in medicine use today.
[7] Fernando P. Camara, Analysis of the Okinawan Bubishi (October. 1997.)
[8] According to the analyses of Joe Swift and Victor Smith
[9] According to Patrick McCarthy this text as a whole is in Funakoshi's, "Karate Do Kyohan", namely at the end of the chapter "Maxims for the trainee", there is a part in old Chinese, Tsutomu Ohshima said that he was unable to translate. That whole text in Chinese was actually taken from Bubishi (article #16).
[10] Tuite is a term used by many martial arts enthusiasts for very painful hand techniques of finger poking, pressing, tearing, pinching and grabbing.

Bibliography

· Bubishi - The Bible of Karate, Patrick McCarthy, Tuttle 1997.
· The 48 Figures of the Okinawan Bubishi by Fernando P. Camara (lecture)
· Bubishi by Joe Swifth (article)
· Bubishi by Victor Smith (article)
· Bubishi by Ernest J. Estrada (article)
· Karate-do Kyohan by Gichin Funakoshi
· The Essence of Okinawan Karatedo - Shoshin Nagamine
· Fukien Shaolin White Crane Kung Fu - article by Paul de Tourreil
· Targets by Joseph R. Svinth
· Bunkaijutsu - article by Patrick McCarthy
· Technique - Chojun Miyagi (essay)
· Crime and Violence by Joseph R. Svinth