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What did the ancient karate look like?
By careful examination of Bubishi, we are able to reconstruct the ancient Okinawan karate - tote jutsu. The most useful information are in the section dealing with vital points, then in the article on 48 techniques, as well as in article #16, "Grappling and Escapes"[9]. I took liberty to illustrate a few techniques, which are in Shorin katas with applying of principles from Bubishi. Therefore what useful information can we draw from this article, in order to apply them in our training? In ancient Okinawan karate, hand techniques are apparently the most important. To support this ill mention an old name for karate - tote, ("Chinese hand"). When executing hand techniques, almost all surfaces are used: (1) fingers (four fingers - nukite; one finger - ipon nukite; "cranes beak" - kakushiken), (2) palm (teisho), (3) ridge of hand (shuto), (4) fist (knuckle fist - hiraken; one knuckle fist - shoken; hammer fist - tetsui), (5) elbow - empi, as well as grabbing techniques (torite) by testicles, throat, hair, triceps or thigh. It is interesting that the use of fingers and palm surpasses the use of the fist. The predominant use of the fist today is probably a result of the changes made by master Itosu, when karate was included into the educational program on Okinawa. Namely, the palm and the fingers are very efficient, but the use of the fist decreased the possibility of injury of younger trainees. Special attention is given to practicing of techniques with open palm in the article #20, "Six hands of Shaolin".
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